{"id":558,"date":"2019-07-25T08:47:28","date_gmt":"2019-07-25T05:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nawab.me\/blog\/?p=558"},"modified":"2019-07-25T09:12:39","modified_gmt":"2019-07-25T06:12:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nawab.me\/blog\/2019\/07\/25\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631, \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627, \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (implementation) \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642, \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (N-version programming).<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646, \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 “\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e. \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1982 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0642, \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (1). \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629, \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629! \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f, \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f 3 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628<\/a><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629)<\/p>\n

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(1) https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/byzantine-generals-problem\/?from=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fum%2Fpeople%2Flamport%2Fpubs%2Fbyz.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n


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